Mimesis: As Viewed by Plato, Avicenna and Aquinas
Ebrahim
Bazargani
Phd of religious Arts
author
text
article
2019
per
Mimesis is one of the longest artistic theories preceding Plato. At the same time, it is of those theories taking various readings. In this paper, the views of three influential philosophers, Plato, Ibn Sina and Aquinas, of three different intellectual domains are studied. Plato in Greece, Ibn Sina in the Islamic tradition and Aquinas in the Christian Middle Ages, each being of his own school of thought. In this essay, we will examine the reading of each of them by analyzing their attitude in a comparative approach and distinguish each from corresponding readings. Since they do not belong to one and the same time, their readings of Mimesis are not similar. Plato has based it on an idea-based epistemology, Ibn Sina on an Aristotlian knowledge and Aquinas on Christian specific readings
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
7
32
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66666_5651f347fad78c73b5ef5442e60e36f9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66666
A Study of the Objectivity of the Concept of Empiricist Causality on Sadra`s Philosophy
Mohammadreza
Behtash
Phd. of Philosophy (western field)
author
Ali
Karbasizadeh
Associate professor at University of Isfahan
author
Yusof
Shaqul
Associate professor at University of Isfahan
author
text
article
2019
per
One way for Islamic philosophy and Western philosophy to form connection with one another lies in presenting their questions to one other demanding their answers. Accordingly, in this paper, it is intended to find a solution for Hume's difficulty on the origin of the concept of empirical causality in Sadra`s philosophy. Hume, denying the possibility for perceiving causality, disagreed the objectivity of the concept of empiricist causality. In response to Hume's question, it can be said that, based on the possibilities contained in the texts of Mulla Sadra on knowledge, the relation between soul and body, the human mind in the same level of sensation perceives causality directly and, in another step, with mental analysis arrives at the concept. In other words, contrary to Hume, who denied the rational intuition of causality, based on the possibilities of Sadra's philosophy, rational intuition of causality may be explained. Therefore, in response to Hume's difficulty and along with idealistic explanations such as Kant's transcendental idealism, a completely realistic explanation of the concept of causality may be presented
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
33
56
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66667_f00696430e19ee6e8798b3a6a6ad51ff.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66667
A Study of the Link of Human Will with Ethical Evils as Viewed by Mulla Sadra and Augustine
Seyyed Morteza
Hoseini Shahrudi
Professor at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Jahangir
Masoodi
Associate professor at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
Koukab
Darabi
AM at at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
author
text
article
2019
per
The issue of evil is one of the most challenging issues of philosophy and theology. Some thinkers in the history of theology have sought to deny the existence and attributes of God on the basis of the problem. Many scholars, however, have tried to give a solution for the problem of evil. In this article, the most important theological solutions of the optional evils, as viewed by Mulla Sadra and Augustine, have been studied. The philosophers` similarities and dissimilarities in this problem, but because of their belief in monotheism and their attention to the works of Plato, their similarities are far more than their differences. They consider man as a creature of free will and, therefore, human actions are sometimes good and sometimes evil. Though the solutions of optional evil may not be used for all evils, a significant portion of the evils, namely moral ones, may be justified
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
57
80
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66668_ab4f86897e77ddf5c578142d4bebe250.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66668
Ghazzali`s Religious Study in Ahya` ul-Olum
Mohammadamin
Khansar
Phd student of Religious Studies, University of Religion and Denomination
author
text
article
2019
per
Although religion studying is a new subject in the field of religious studies, it can be seen from the traditional point of view. In this research, some problems on religion have been studied by Ghazali's approach of studying religion. Although Ghazzali being of some presuppositions had a religious approach to religious beliefs, he sought to rebuild and restore religion in his day. As viewed by him, religion focuses on human thought and action both. Religion is not only external and appear rituals, but it is an important agent for cultivating human beings. The essence of religion is in sciences lies in intuition, but its path passes from the science of transaction. Although final prosperity is the ultimate goal of religion, this prosperity is based on worldly prosperity. In this view, God is the ultimate source of religion, and religious leaders have authority
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
81
102
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66669_f19fecfa83bd0267ed13a62001d3108b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66669
The Self-Evident Universal Affirmative Categorical Proposition as the Basis for Every Self-Evident and Theoretical Confirmation in Logic and Epistemology
Askar
Solaimani Amiri
Associate professor at imam Khomeini Research and Education Institute
author
text
article
2019
per
All valid confirmations and propositions are the four types including affirmative universal proposition, affirmative particular proposition, negative universal proposition and negative particular proposition of which the most fundamental is universal affirmative proposition. Since on the illuminative method all propositions ultimately turned to the universal affirmative and on the basis of comprehensive and non-corresponding affirmation, even negative proposition, though being negative, are affirmative. As all propositions, even the negatives, for the sake of necessity are affirmative. In addition to the necessity of an ultimate base for knowledge, all propositions should end to those of self-evidence by which the question of knowledge would necessarily ended. In this necessary end of knowledge, all theoretical would end to self-evident one and all particulars, though being self-evident, to universal one. Since the judgment in particular as such is ambiguous. Also the negatives should be ended to the affirmatives; since though some negatives may be self-evident, one may ask the reason why the subject of the proposition demand the predicate to be negative. The question would be responded only when the negative judgment be based upon an affirmative judgment and the negative one be its logical necessity. And again, negatives should turn into affirmatives. In this way, all types of proposition should end to affirmative universal self-evident proposition
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
103
126
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66670_7fa978957a88b148bcb79a9cf6f62e2c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66670
Methodological Reflections of the Book Ma`rifat Ullahi billah la bi al-Owham il-Falsafiyyati wa al-Irfaniyyah
Mahdi
Shajarian
Phd student at Baqer al-Olum University
author
text
article
2019
per
The main issue of this research is a brief knowledge of the methodology of the book Ma`rifat Ullahi billah la bi al-Owham il-Falsafiyyati wa al-Irfaniyyah. In this book philosophical teachings and mystical teachings all have been claimed to be full distortion; therefore, the study of its method for assessing this claim is the goal of this paper followed by a descriptive-analytical method. Lack of a correct and logical method of study may be regarded as the most considerable failure of the book. As explained in the paper, the author of the work, when criticizing philosophical teachings has not used a reasonable method and, therefore, misunderstood philosophers and mystics` words, ideas and technical terms and distorted. In addition, when intending to propose a new system for the two fields, the author has not any success and his teachings and arguments may not be agreed with
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
127
152
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66671_e8c21eb38f36ed3631c8885282e0e7ee.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66671
A Critical Study of Transcendent Philosophy on a Type of Awareness in All Beings As Proved by Musawiqat
Mohammadali
Mohiti Ardakan
Assistant professor at Imam Khomeini Research and Education Institute
author
text
article
2019
per
The religious teaching signifying a degree of awareness in all beings and creatures may have a considerable part in guiding human being to happiness. Belief in the teaching as an influential agent for human deeds has an important effect in lifestyle. Most philosophers have not succeeded in proving the comprehensive consciousness of all creatures in history. On the contrary, they have refuted such a claim by some arguments. Transcendental philosophy and its follower have taken great steps as a philosophical explanation of this religious teachings. Using the descriptive-analytical method and the comparative and critical approach, the author has studied the proof of musaviqat as their most important proof in the field. The findings show that the proof has failed to support the claim. However, as described in the paper, with reliance on the verses and traditions of the field, the claim may be proved
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
153
186
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66672_16edc10617973b02f42d2040de171d02.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66672
A Comparative Study of Stace and Quine`s Theory of Knowledge
Isa
Musazadeh
Phd student at University of Tabriz
author
Mohammadali
Mobini
Assistant professor at Institute for Islamic Culture and Sciences
author
text
article
2019
per
Regarding the fact that every mind meets firstly and directly only its own individual world, how may the mind perceive the existence of outside world as an independent reality? And how the mind may produce such many and various outcomes and views of these little inputs? Walter Turner Stace sought to answer the first question and concluded that believing in the existence of an outside world, independent of the consciousness of the minds, must be a mental and interpretative construct of sensory representations that different minds have invented in collaboration with each other. Quinn's concern, however, is the answer to the second question, and by putting logical positivism away, has viewed human knowledge as essentially being linguistic and, ultimately, agreeing with structuralism, has concluded relativity in ontology; but we will see that the both philosophers` faithfulness have caused them to go far from common sense, while today common sense is of a special epistemic and philosophical significance for philosophers
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
187
212
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66673_21c876e3c5d85bbb1942eab41a27bc26.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66673
Sadra`s Anthropological View on Repentance on the Basis of Substantial Movement
Javad
Nazari
Phd student at University of Ilam
author
Hadi
Malekzadeh
Phd student at Islamic Maaref University
author
text
article
2019
per
The common theological analysis of repentance refers to it as a problem of value, and ultimately, as the Lord`s forgiveness toward a servant. The truth is that this analysis, given its correctness, may not be considered as satisfactory and complete; it shows only a part of the truth of repentance. Is it possible to provide an existential and philosophical analysis of this issue instead of its common theological analysis? An analysis that considers repentance as a new existential demand of a servant and Lord`s satisfying it? Such an analysis, in addition to being more consistent with religious texts, is more rational and more enjoyable. In this analysis, acceptance of repentance before being regarded as a necessary and ethical issue, the existential and causal system of the world seems to be a cause and ground for it. Accepting repentance from this perspective is the arrival of the servant in a higher grade of existence. Such being the case, acceptance of repentance is abstracted from this existential transformation. It seems that the problem of repentance may only be explained by the departure motion of the soul, or at least, this may be regarded as the best explanation in the field. This article seeks to analyze and explain the essence of repentance through the substantial movement and richness of Sadra's philosophy in the field of anthropology, and refers to the failure of other theological and philosophical explanations
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
213
238
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66674_3302e79f87e90653d701d15caf851a5e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66674
A Study on Reasonable Necessity of Imamate Based on Imam Hadi`s Sayings
Mohammadtaqi
Yusefi
Assistant professor at Baqer al-Olum University
author
Mohammad
Kabiri Arani
AM from Baqer al-Olum University
author
text
article
2019
per
Imam Hadi (as), using rational arguments and documenting the authenticity of the Qur'an and the authenticity of the Quranicly confirmed traditions like Hadith Thaqalain, has emphasized the necessity of Imamate. Referring to the consensus of the Ummah on validity of the Qur'an and mentioning the verse of vilayat as an example of the Qur'anic evidence and its status of revelation from Sunni words, the Prophet insists on the validity of the Hadith of Thaqalain. In the following, Imam (as) has mentioned the well-known narratives such as the Hadith of Ghadir, the hadith of manzelat, and the hadith of faithfulness to treaty, which indicates the appointment of Ali (as) to the caliphate by the Prophet of Islam, and takes them to be derived from Hadith Thaqalin and thus proved their legitimacy; following this, the Prophet (s), relying on Ahl albayt and the Prophet`s sayings, says that the obedience of them is necessary ground for belief and opposing their commands, therefore, would be hostility to them and involvement in Divine punishment. Finally, Imam (as) emphasizes this claim by mentioning more words of the Prophet (s) about the truth and place of Ali (as). Some rational reasons for proving the necessity of Imamate, which from Imam Hadi's point of view can be deduced from the Hadith of Thaqalain, are as follows: 1. intermediary of grace; 2. sending grace; 3. the need of community to Imam; 4. the need for sharia to protector; 5. the general guidance; 6. completing authority; 7. Love of vilayat
Theosophia Practica
Baqir al-Olum University
2008-9309
10
v.
زمستان 97 _ مسلسل 38
no.
2019
239
264
https://pwq.bou.ac.ir/article_66675_73ef0668dc90c09d82641a8c7edbf367.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22081/pwq.2019.66675