تبیین مبانی انسان شناختی هویت الهی انسان از منظر عرفان شیعی با تاکید بر آرای عرفانی امام خمینی

Abstract



The issue of human identity has always been a fundamental and serious concern among anthropologists and philosophers, and each has introduced man and his characteristics with their own worldview. From the perspective of Muslim thinkers, philosophers, and mystics, man is recognized as a being with a divine identity. This identity can be examined not only from the individual dimensions but also in relation to the social and global dimensions of man. As stated in religious and philosophical texts, man has a special place in the system of creation due to his complex structure.



However, the anthropological foundations of this belief are accompanied by differences due to the different approaches of thinkers to man. Especially in Islamic mysticism, especially Shiite mysticism, the belief in the divine identity of man is explained more seriously and deeply. For example, in this approach, the special characteristics of man that make him a distinguished being are examined in a transparent manner.



The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and searching through reliable library sources, has achieved remarkable results in analyzing the true identity of man from the perspective of Shiite mysticism, emphasizing the views of Imam Khomeini. These results are presented separately in three main axes:



1. **Comprehensiveness:** Man is considered a comprehensive and complete being that has the ability to collect and harmonize all states and dimensions of existence. This feature not only helps to better understand the truth of existence, but also provides extensive possibilities for a deeper understanding of himself and others. In fact, man can, through his existential understanding, achieve knowledge beyond the material world and understand himself as part of the whole of existence.



2. **The position of divine caliphate:** In Shiite mysticism, man is known as the caliph of God on earth. This position not only places responsibilities on him but also allows him to develop divine and divinity abilities as a privileged being. The divine caliphate is considered an eternal bliss that leads man towards ultimate perfection. Hence, recognizing this position and fulfilling it properly in society can be considered a moral duty.



3. **The Supreme Manifestation of Being:** Mystics believe that man, as the supreme manifestation of God in the universe, is able to reflect divine attributes and perfections in himself. This supreme manifestation means man's ability to realize divine values ​​and virtues in his personal and social life. In fact, every human being can help manifest divine virtues in society by focusing on moral and spiritual principles and thus elevate himself and others.



As a result, the present study emphasizes that man, due to these specific characteristics, has a divine, distinguished and sublime identity. This identity not only guides the individual towards absolute perfection, but also brings him closer to a close relationship with God and his existential truth. This perspective can help to understand more deeply the interaction of man with existence and his responsibilities in this world.



Considering Imam Khomeini’s views in this field, we can especially emphasize his emphasis on the necessity of “self-development” and “inner education” as a means to realize man’s divine identity. In this way, the present study can be considered as a valid reference in the field of human identity, such as its role in the system of existence and its effects on the social and individual lives of humans.



Problem statement:

In sciences that deal with the subject of man and the material and metamaterial dimensions of his existence, it is necessary to provide a definition of man and explain his identity; Because anthropology is one of the sciences that is influential in the field of human sciences and religious education. Among the thinkers of various sciences, efforts have been made to explain human identity and definitions have been presented.

In the teachings of divine religions, especially Islam, man is the most central issue and his happiness is considered the ultimate goal of creation. In the teachings of Islam, it is emphasized that human happiness and perfection will not be possible without knowing oneself and God; therefore, Islamic thinkers and philosophers, relying on ontological foundations over many centuries, have made efforts to explain human identity, his place in creation, and the way he relates to himself and his God. This type of anthropology, with its abundant results in introducing human identity and explaining his place in the world of creation, still has shortcomings.

In the cognitive system of mystics, relying on the special ontology of this system, man has a divine identity. Mystics believe that the purpose of all creation is the existence of man and that he has no goal other than knowing God.

The difference in the views of thinkers and mystics about man is influenced by their ontology, and based on the knowledge they have of the Creator and creation, man also finds a different identity. Therefore, mystical anthropology, with its presence-based knowledge, is superior in providing a comprehensive and accurate knowledge of human identity, and the effects of this type of knowledge of man will have important effects on the spiritual education and advancement of man. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question of what are the anthropological foundations of human divine identity from the perspective of Shiite mystics, especially Imam Khomeini.